Blog 14: Familial Patterns of Killers, Genealogy and John Wayne Gacy’s Maternal Grandparents

Trigger Warning: Family Violence, Emotional Abuse, Physical Abuse, Mental Abuse, Childhood Abuse, Sexual Assault, Substance Use and Abuse. Please do not continue if any of the above topics trigger you.

Understanding the Impact of Generational Trauma through Genealogy.

This blog is a continuation of John Wayne Gacy’s genealogy. Please see blog 13, which showcases the paternal grandparents.

Contradictions in Information

Genealogists sift through primary, secondary, and tertiary evidence as a means to uncover and discover the most logical, evidence-driven conclusions the data can support. Information may include contradictions or what is referred to as “Negative Evidence.” Names, dates, locations, and other data may not be consistent across all documents, a byproduct of linguistic barriers, political borders moving, fallible human recall, and dictation errors on the administrative side alongside other possibilities. Genealogists must recognize all evidence and determine whether it fits the current hypothesis or not.

Negative Evidence

The documents will identify John Wayne Gacy’s maternal grandfather as Albert Robison but sometimes replace Robison with “Robinson,” which appears to be a clerical error in most cases. Albert's first name is also listed as "Burton." Julietta Richardson's first name appears in multiple iterations: Juliatt, Ettie, Etta, Etty. Even with all these iterations, it became clear that all nomenclature referred to one, Julietta Richardson. These names appear alongside her parents and siblings in her early years and her husband and children in adulthood.

Mapping Out Evidence, Case of Julietta Richardson and Her Many Names

Look at the evidence side by side to see how it lines up. There might be a grave error, like in the case of Albert Robison, whose date of birth is wrong on his headstone, but all other evidence points to the more likely year of birth. Julietta Richardson's first name changes throughout, but one can reliably say Etta, Etty, Ettie, and Juliett are the same person by looking at the family members around them, the change of ages within the documents, and the location of each record in relation to other records.

Gacy's Great Grandparents - Brief Summary

John Wayne Gacy, referred to hereafter as Gacy, descends from his maternal grandparents, Albert Orville Robison, born in 1865, and Julietta Richardson, born in 1865. His maternal grandmother, Julietta Richardson, was the daughter of an immigrant mother from Scotland and a father from New York. Gacy's maternal grandfather, Albert Robison, descended from a father from New York and a mother from Michigan or Ohio, depending on the document [1]. Albert's parents were married in Kalamazoo, Michigan, on 1 June 1864 [2]. We will see deep-seated, 19th-century roots in Michigan, particularly in Saginaw and Kalamazoo.

Maternal Grandfather, Albert Robison

Albert Robison was born into a tumultuous time in U.S. history. When he was born, the United States was just beginning to heal from the Civil War. He spent his formative years in Michigan, a location that abhorred slavery. In 1807, Judge Augustus Woodward, who resided in Michigan, denied a request by slaveholders to return escaped slaves who safely made it to Michigan.

[H]e stated that every 'man coming into this territory is by law of the land a freeman[3].'

By the start of the Civil War, most Michiganders were opposed to the institution of slavery. Sojourner Truth, an abolitionist who escaped slavery in the South and moved to Battle Creek, Michigan, became instrumental in the fight for equal rights. Individuals from Michigan volunteered to participate in the war effort and ultimately sent over 90,000 soldiers, a quarter of their male population, to fight [4].

Albert spent his formative years in the Kalamazoo, Saginaw, and Kent, Michigan townships. Based on the information gathered via censuses and birth records, Albert was the eldest child of four siblings [5]. His father's occupation was listed as a farmer in the 1870 census and a carpenter in the 1880 census [6].

Albert's official birth record has remained elusive, so I am going with the preponderance of evidence to identify his birth's most likely date and location. Based on the information gathered, it seems most likely that he was born around 1865 in Michigan since his parents' marriage record reflects a marriage date of 1 June 1864 in Kalamazoo, Michigan [7], and the next available census,1870, has them residing in Saginaw, Michigan. Furthermore, "Burton Robinson" was listed as being born in Michigan in 1865, with his brother Leonard being born in Michigan in 1867. His father's occupation was listed as a farmer in Birch Run, Saginaw, Michigan. While there is a slight possibility that Albert Robison could have, in fact, been born in Minnesota, as the 1880 census indicates, it is more likely he and his brother were born in Michigan [8]. As we know, Henry and Mary Robison were married in 1864, and Albert was born shortly thereafter in 1865 [9]. The one other piece of negative information revolving around his date of birth is recorded on his tombstone. His tombstone reads, "Father, Albert O. Robison, 1860 - 1909 [10]. Tombstones are not always reliable as they are second-hand information. Further, it was costly to have a stone engraved, so if the engraver made a mistake, it might not have been financially possible to fix it.

The 1880 US Federal Census shows Albert living with his father, Henry A. Robison, a carpenter from New York, and his mother, Mary, originally born in Michigan, and his siblings, Leonard, Warren, and May. At 15, he was the oldest child listed in the household.  According to this census, Albert attended school at 15, unlike Gacy's paternal line ancestors, who left school for the workforce around age 14. The census also lists Albert's birth location as Minn., with his two youngest siblings being born in Michigan [11].

Maternal Grandmother

Julietta Richardson, Gacy's maternal grandmother, was born in New York in 1865 to Scottish immigrant Mary Emily Parkhurst and New York native George Richardson, a farmer. Julietta was one of eight children. The 1870 and 1880 censuses tell us she resided with her parents in Saginaw, Michigan, where she spent her formative years [12,13]. Her soon-to-be husband, Albert Robison, and his family were found on the same page of the 1870 U.S. Federal Census in Birch Run, Saginaw, Michigan [14].

Saginaw, Michigan, Growing up with the City

Saginaw township was organized in the European fashion in 1830. Timber, specifically Saginaw Pine, became highly demanded in the 1850s, triggering more settlers to establish roots in Michigan. As the land around this area was further surveyed and sold, more and more settlers began settling here. In 1850, there were only 2,609 settlers compared to the 75,813 who would be reported in 1884 [15].

Albert Robison's father was a carpenter, so such a move makes perfect sense. He would have been at ground zero for this sought-after resource [16]. Settlers like the Robisons and Richardsons would have found the land prices favorable and workable. The city's placement near large waterways made it an ideal location for a settlement. The map on the left shows Saginaw's position within Michigan. The articles to the left give a small glimpse into the importance of timber for Saginaw [17,18, 19, 20].

Both Albert and Julietta would have likely experienced manual labor on the farms. As a person "lumbering," Albert was likely out in the elements, rigging and cutting down trees. Julietta's father was a farmer, so she likely would have experienced a working-class agrarian upbringing. We do know Julietta could read and write, unlike her father, and was able to attend school until she was at least 14. Julietta would be beyond school age during the following census.

Albert and Julietta, Sibling Criminality?

I searched Albert's siblings' names on Newspaper.com, Newspaperarchive.com, and GenealogyBank, keeping the search regional to include Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. No articles referencing any criminality or abuse were found. I expanded the search to include the Northwestern United States. I found an article from Salem, Oregon, showing Leonard Robison suing the city for medical bills due to a fractured kneecap [21]. I went back to ancestry to see if this was, in fact, Albert's brother. I ran a standard search based on the information at hand in Ancestry, and I came across a death certificate that showed Leonard's birthday, death date, and parents' names. Luckily, there was also an image available [22]. There was enough information to state this was likely the same Leonard Robison, so I continued the newspaper search. Nothing of consequence was found thereafter. I ran the same searches with his brother Warren and his sister May. May died around 12 or so years old, so little information was available. I found no pertinent information to indicate delinquency or dysfunction within the family.

Julietta had 8 siblings to sift through. Further, both of her parents had married twice, producing children in each marriage, making the relationships more complex relationships. Before completing newspaper searches, I had already acquired census data and any birth, death, divorce, and marriage certificates that were easily located via a standard search on Ancestry and Family Search. There are still several non-indexed records that may contain further information.

I searched Julietta's siblings' names on the same databases as Alberts, Newspaper.com, Newspaperarchive.com, and GenealogyBank, keeping the search regional to include Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota. After searching the newspaper repositories above, I found no indication of criminal behaviors in Julietta's sibling group. One sibling, Charles Clarence Richardson, piqued my interest as he was married four times. His first wife, Florence Effie Hathaway left him one child, Elizabeth C. Richardson, born a year after their nuptials in 1875 [23, 24]. I could not find documentation of a divorce or death for this marriage.

Marriage number two occurred on 16 June 1880 to Jennie Corning [25]. In 1890, she gave birth to a son who lived one day. According to the death record, she died of Bright's Disease on the same day of giving birth, 18 March 1890 [26].

Marriage number three occurred on 9 Dec 1891 to Nancy A. Smith [27]. They resided together in Flint, Michigan. She brought three step-children to the relationship, and they had one adopted daughter, Lillian M. Richardson [28]. Nancy died of a stroke in 1918 [29].

Marriage number four took place on 27 December 1919. Charles marries Anna L. Munk (Schram). Charles and Anna were 66 and 65 years of age, respectively. According to the marriage record, Charles had been married three other times, and Anna had been married twice. Anna's parents were listed as Valentine Schram and Lydia M. Ryckman [30]. I added the surname to the search and found a record of a possible first marriage. The record listed her husband as Grove N. Wheeler, who married Anna in 1865 in Buchanan, Michigan. The record was difficult to read, so I transcribed the text [31].

Wheeler passes away on 1 July 1912 in Los Angeles, California. Now, if we go back to the marriage information for her and Charles Richardson, we see her last name listed as Munk. I have been unable to find evidence of this marriage, but what the marriage information does tell us is that she was married twice prior to marrying Charles [32]. According to the 1920 census, Charles and "Anne" were rooming with the Austin Family in Flint, Michigan. The record further shows information about Anne and her immigration status. According to this document, Anne arrived in the United States in 1858 and was naturalized in 1875 [33]. After searching multiple databases online, I have yet to find a record of immigration or naturalization. We do see her husband, Charles, residing in the Genesee County Infirmary at the age of 76 in the 1930 U.S. Federal Census [34], and she does not appear on any 1930's census. Find-a-grave does have an "Anna Leah Schram Wheeler," who was born on 23 Aug. 1841 and died on 4 April 1924 at the age of 82 [35]. The California death index supports this information. What is interesting about this record is that she was said to have died in San Diego, California, and was buried at Greenwood Memorial Park in California [36]. If I am ever in San Diego, I plan to contact the county clerk to determine if a death certificate with more information exists. Still, the 1920 US Federal Census supports her living with Charles Richardson in Flint, Michigan, prior to her death. She took Richardson's name according to marriage records. However, she seemingly chose to head back to California while her husband still resided in Michigan, where she would pass away in 1924. The California Death Index has her listed as Anna Wheeler [37]. All I can do is speculate as to the reason for the move to California and death recorded under her Wheeler married name rather than her most recent married name. More research needs to be done on this familial line. A copy of her death record from California and an image of her headstone may help in sorting this out.

What I did find interesting was that even with four marriages, it appeared that these marriages were a byproduct of early deaths via natural means. There would have been a lot of trauma due to the deaths of his partners and children, but no delinquent behavior or foul play was evident. Of course, the behaviors may have been there and may have never been made public, but the evidence at hand raises no red flags other than a descendant later choosing life as a serial killer.

Organizing Data

Along with a research log that stores information about the data I find, I keep a search log that shows when, where, and what I searched. The log below is an example of a typical log in which I am looking for similar information.

Albert and Julietta Robison, the couple

Albert O. Robison and "Etta" Richardson were married on 13 March 1889 in Birch Run, Saginaw, Michigan [38]. Albert and Julietta likely had known one another since childhood, as they appeared as neighbors in the 1870 census [39]. According to the 1880 US Federal Census, Julietta's father could not read or write. It is impressive that Julietta was marked as attending school since her father did not have a formal education and was a farmer, which would require her assistance. Albert is also attending school at this time [40]. Albert listed his occupation on the marriage record as "Lumbering" [41], which is unsurprising. Even though the timber boom began in the 1850s, it was still very much alive in the 1880s and 1890s.

"U.S., General Land Office Records, 1776-2015," database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1246/ : accessed 9 July 2024, entry for Albert Robison (Ashland, Wisconsin), doc, Homestead Certificate No. 341 (1891); Original data: United States. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records. Automated Records Project; Federal Land Patents, State Volumes. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/. Springfield, Virginia: Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States, 2007.

Within two years of their marriage, Albert was granted a 120-acre homestead in Bayfield County, Wisconsin [42]. At this time, the young United States was still trying to expand West, and granting large plots of "undeveloped" land was one way to encourage settlers to move West.

North West quarter of t he South East quarter and the South half of the South East quarter of Section two in Township forty fourt North of Range six West of the Fourth Principal Meridian in Wisconsin contianing one hundred and twenty acres [43].

It is interesting to note that within 10 pages of the 1905 Wisconsin 1905 census, we see Ira Richardson and his family [44] living next door to George and Mary Richardson, Julietta's parents [45]. Further, Albert Robison's father, Henry Robison, lived next door to the Richardsons [46]. The family appears to have stayed in contact with one another. Further, all heads of family were listed as farmers.

Albert and Julietta had 9 children over the span of 18 years. They had three sets of twins, though one twin appears to have died at birth, as no birth certificate or death certificate is available.

Based on the information gathered, the family appears to have been a "normal" working-class family. All the Robison children went to school up until at least eighth grade and later married and had their own families, all normal for the time period. The untimely death of their father in 1909 surely caused some trauma and reshaped the family unit around the mother, Julietta. The 1910 U.S. Federal Census shows Etta as the head of household, and all children except Eva continued to reside with their mother. Ages ranged from twenty-year-old Iva down to 3-year-old Marian. Everybody sixteen years old and older was out of school at this time, probably to tend to the homestead. The family even took on a border, Dora Craford [47].

By the 1920 Census, some of the children had moved out. Etta was living with her brother Ira Richardson and his three children, as well as her four children, Clayre, Roy, Warren, and Marian [48]. The children maintained contact with one another, as can be seen in the "Happenings" section of the newspaper visiting one another. By the 1930 Census, Etta resided with her daughter Iva and son-in-law John Windall [49]. At this time, the family structure appears stable and there is no sign of significant delinquent behavior. Was John Wayne Gacy just born to torture and kill?

Source Material

[1]1880 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/ : accessed 24 May 2024, entry for Albert Robison.

[2] Michigan, County Marriages, 1820-1940, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939V-JB9P-YN?cc=1810350&wc=Q868-N25%3A150750301%2C150851001 : 11 May 2018), Kalamazoo > Marriages, 1860-1867, v. 3 > image 91 of 296; various archives, Michigan, Entry for Henry Robison and Mary Cory.

[3] "Michigan Legislature: Michigan Compiled Laws Complete Through PA 65 of 2024," database, Michigan Legislature (https://www.legislature.mi.gov/Publications/CivilWar.pdf : accessed 3 July 2024)>Publications>Civil War.pdf.

[4] Ibid

[5] 1880 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/ : accessed 24 May 2024, entry for Albert Robison.

[6] 1880 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/ : accessed 24 May 2024, entry for Albert Robison & 1870 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7163/: accessed 4 July 2024, entry for "Burton Robinson," Saginaw, Michigan.

[7] Michigan, County Marriages, 1820-1940, database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939V-JB9P-YN?cc=1810350&wc=Q868-N25%3A150750301%2C150851001 : 11 May 2018), Kalamazoo > Marriages, 1860-1867, v. 3 > image 91 of 296; various archives, Michigan, Entry for Henry Robison and Mary Cory.

[8] 1880 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/ : accessed 24 May 2024, entry for Albert Robison.

[9] Cook County Clerk Genealogy Records, "Michigan, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1822 - 1940," database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61374/: accessed 3 July 2024), entry for Albert Robison and Mary Cory, 1 June 1864, Kalamazoo, Michigan.

[10] Find A Grave, database (http://www.findagrave.com : accessed 11July 2024), memorial page 17073814, Albert O. Robison (1860 –1909), created by Paul Wilcox; citing Grand View Cemetery, Grandview, Bayfield County, USA, img of headstone posted by user Marlene S.

[11] 1880 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/: accessed 4 July 2024, entry for Julietta Richardson, Saginaw, Michigan.

[12] 1870 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7163/: accessed 4 July 2024, entry for Julietta Richardson, Saginaw, Michigan.

[13] 1880 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/: accessed 4 July 2024, entry for Julietta Richardson, Saginaw, Michigan.

[14] 1870 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7163/: accessed 4 July 2024, entry for Julietta Richardson, Saginaw, Michigan.

[15] City of Saginaw, Michigan, “Saginaw History,” Informational Resources, online article (https://www.saginaw-mi.com/222/Saginaw-History: Accessed 9 July 2024), Home>Community> Informational Resources> Saginaw History.

[16] "Saginaw Lumber," Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Mich, 26 April 1850, p. 2, column 4; imaged, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-saginaw-lumber/151000889/ : accessed 9 July 2024).

[17] 1880 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6742/: accessed 4 July 2024, entry for Albert Robison, Kent, Michigan.

[18] "Rafting," Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Mich, 19 April 1850, p. 2, column 3; imaged, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-rafting/151001527/ : accessed 9 July 2024).

[19] "Lumber at Saginaw," The Cleveland Herald, Cleveland, Ohio, 22 March 1854, p1, column 8; imaged, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-cleveland-herald-lumber-at-saginaw/151002112/ : accessed 9 July 2024).

[20]  "Pine Lands! Pine Lands!," Detroit Free Press, Detroit, Mich, 31 March 1857, p. 4, column 7; imaged, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/article/detroit-free-press-1857-pine-lands-mar-3/150999862/ : accessed 9 July 2024).

[21] Marble Board Plan fails to Reach Council, Statesman Journal, Salem, Oregon, 8 December 1936, p. 1, columns 3, continued on p. 2, col 1; imaged, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/article/statesman-journal-1936-marble-board-leon/150650300/: accessed 4 July 2024).

[22] State of Oregon–Board of Health, Certificate of Death No. 6714 for Leonard Robison, died 31 May 1952, Marion County; imaged in “Oregon, U.S., State Deaths, 1864 - 1971" database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61675/: accessed 12 July 2024), image 112 of 2210.

[23] Michigan Department of Community Health, "Michigan, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1822 - 1940," database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61374/: accessed 3 July 2024), entry for Charles Richardson and Florence Hathaway, 16 June 1875, 1873 Montcalm - 1874 Hillsdale, img. 599 of 664.

[24] Michigan, U.S., Death Records, 1867-1952, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/60872/ : accessed 31 July 2024)>Michigan State Death Records>1867 - 1952, certificate 592, entry for Mrs. Elizabeth C. Muzzy, aged 62; citing "Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics."

[25] Michigan, U.S., Marriage Records, 1867-1952, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/60872/ : accessed 31 July 2024)>Michigan, US, Marriage Records, 1867 -1952> Registers1868 - 1886 > 1876 - 1880 > 1880 Alcona-Manistee, img 272 of 661, entry for Jennie R. Cummings and Charles Richardson; citing "Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics."

[26] Michigan, U.S., Death Records, 1867-1952, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/60872/ : accessed 31 July 2024)>Michigan State Death Records>1867 - 1952, certificate 592, entry for Mrs. Elizabeth C. Muzzy, aged 62; citing "Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics."

[27] Michigan, U.S., Marriage Records, 1867-1952, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9093/ : accessed 31 July 2024)>Michigan, US, Marriage Records, 1867 -1952> Registers1887 - 1925 > 1891 - 1895 > 1891 Alcona-Jackson, img 372 of 619, entry for Nancy A. Smith and Charles Richardson; citing "Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics."

[28] 1900 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7602/: accessed 31 July 2024), entry for Charles Richardson, Flint, Michigan.

[29] Michigan, U.S., Death Records, 1867-1952, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/60872/ : accessed 31 July 2024)>Michigan State Death Records>1867 - 1952, certificate 328, entry for Nancy Ann Richardson, aged 66; citing "Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics."

[30] Michigan, U.S., Marriage Records, 1867-1952, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9093/ : accessed 31 July 2024)>Michigan, US, Marriage Records, 1867 -1952> Registers1887 - 1925 > 1916 - 1920 > 1919 Berrien-Gratiot, img. 542 of 629, entry for Anna L Munk (Schram) and Charles Richardson; citing "Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics."

[31] "Michigan, County Marriages, 1820-1940," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939J-4K3X-S1?cc=1810350&wc=Q868-NHT%3A150751701%2C159036901 : accessed 31 July 2024); entry for Grove Whaler and Anna Schram Berrien, Marriages, 1855-1894, v. C > image 344 of 374; various archives, Michigan.

[32] Michigan, U.S., Marriage Records, 1867-1952, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/9093/ : accessed 31 July 2024)>Michigan, US, Marriage Records, 1867 -1952> Registers1887 - 1925 > 1916 - 1920 > 1919 Berrien-Gratiot, img 542 of 629, entry for Anna L Munk (Schram) and Charles Richardson; citing "Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics."

[33] 1920 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6061/: accessed 31 July 2024), entry for Charles Richardson, Flint, Michigan.

[34] 1930 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6224/: accessed 31 July 2024), entry for Charles Richardson, Flint, Michigan.

[35] Find A Grave, database (http://www.findagrave.com : accessed 5 Aug 2024), memorial page 30260697, Anna Leah Schram Wheeler (1841 –1924), created by Janice Gearhart; citing Greenwood Memorial Park, San Diego, San Diego County, California, USA.

[36] "California Death Index, 1905 - 1939," database with index images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5187/:accessed 1 Aug 2024), entry for Anna Wheeler, death date 4 April 1924, Age 82, Death Place San Diego, California, USA.

[37] Ibid.

[38] Cook County Clerk Genealogy Records, "Michigan, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1822 - 1940," database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61374/: accessed 3 July 2024), entry for Albert Robison and Etta Richardson, 27 February 1889, Kalamazoo, Michigan.

[39] 1870 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7163/: accessed 4 July 2024, entry for Julietta Richardson, Saginaw, Michigan.

[40] 1870 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7163/: accessed 4 July 2024, entry for "Burton Robinson," Saginaw, Michigan.

[41] Cook County Clerk Genealogy Records, "Michigan, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1822 - 1940," database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61374/: accessed 3 July 2024), entry for Albert Robison and Etta Richardson, 27 February 1889, Kalamazoo, Michigan.

[42] "U.S., General Land Office Records, 1776-2015," database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1246/ : accessed 9 July 2024, entry for Albert Robison (Ashland, Wisconsin), doc, Homestead Certificate No. 341 (1891); Original data: United States. Bureau of Land Management, General Land Office Records. Automated Records Project; Federal Land Patents, State Volumes. http://www.glorecords.blm.gov/. Springfield, Virginia: Bureau of Land Management, Eastern States, 2007.

[43] Ibid.

[44] 1905 Wisconsin, U.S., State Censes, Bayfield, Wisconsin, microfilm img 3 of 9, p.195, Entry for Ira Richardson: digital images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1055/: accessed 24 June 2024); Original from Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, Wisconsin.

[45] 1905 Wisconsin, U.S., State Census, Bayfield, Wisconsin, microfilm image 3 of 9, p.195, Entry for George and Mary Richardson: digital images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1055/: accessed 24 June 2024); Original from Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, Wisconsin.

[46] 1905 Wisconsin, U.S., State Census, Bayfield, Wisconsin, microfilm image 7 of 9, p.203, Entry for Albert and Julietta Robison: digital images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1055/: accessed 24 June 2024); Original from Wisconsin Historical Society, Madison, Wisconsin.

[47] 1910 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/7884/: accessed 31 July 2024), entry for Etta Robison, Bayfield, Wisconsin.

[48] 1920 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6061/: accessed 31 July 2024), entry for Etta Robinson, Grand Rapids, Itasca, Minnesota.

[49] 1930 United States Federal Census, database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/6224/: accessed 31 July 2024), entry for Etta Robison, Price, Lake, Wisconsin.

Albert Robison & Julietta Richardson Children's Records Organized by Child's Year of Birth

Iva Jane Robison

Iva Robison Teaching Article, The Washburn Times, Washburn, Wisconsin, 12 Aug 1909, p 1, column 3; imaged, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-washburn-times-1909-iva-and-eva-robi/152771125/: accessed 9 Aug 2024).

Michigan, U.S., County Marriage Records, 1822-1940, index, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61374/ : accessed 31 July 2024)> entry for Robert Windall; citing "Michigan Department of Community Health, Division for Vital Records and Health Statistics."

"Wisconsin, U.S., Death Records, 1872 - 2004," database with index, Ancestry, (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61483/ : accessed 31 July 2024), Entry for Iva Jane Windall, Bayfield, Wisconsin; citing Wisconsin Department of Health Services; Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Death Records, 1933-1958, Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Madison, Wisconsin.

"Wisconsin, U.S., Marriage Records," 1820 - 2004, database with index, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61484/ : accessed 31 July 2024), Entry for Iva Robison and John Windall; citing "Wisconsin Historical Society; Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Marriage Records 1907-1939," Wisconsin Department of Health Services. Madison, Wisconsin.

Eva M. Robison

"Duluth, Minnesota, U.S., Obituary Index, 1904-2023," database with index, Ancestry, (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/62952/ : accessed 31 July 2024), Entry for Eva Soronen; citing Duluth Public Library; Duluth, Minnesota, USA, Obituaries, URL: https://duluthlibrary.org/genealogy/obituary-index/.

"Eva Robison Soronen Obituary," Eau Claire, Wisconsin, 1 Aug 1983, p 4, column 3; imaged, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/article/leader-telegram-1983-eva-soronen/152770440//: accessed 9 Aug 2024).

Paul Alonzo Robison

"Paul Robison Dies; Ex-Rohr Employe," Chula Vista, California, 27 Aug 1961, p. 3, column 1; imaged, Newspapers.com, (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-star-news/152973662/ : accessed 9 July 2024).

"Wisconsin Birth Index, 1820-1907,", FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:VHHL-1ZJ : 4 December 2014 : Accessed 30 April 2024), Paul A Robison, 11 Jun 1893; from "Wisconsin Births, 1820-1907," database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : 2000); citing Bayfield, Wisconsin, reel 0006, Wisconsin Department of Health and Family Services, Vital Records Division, Madison.

Annie Pauline Robison

"California US Death Index, 1940 - 1997," database with indecies, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/5180/ : accessed 1 Aug 2024), entry for Annie Pauline Pepper, death date 5 Nov. 1951, Age 58, Death Place San Diego, California, USA.

"Wisconsin, U.S., Birth Records, 1812-1921," database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61482/ :accessed 13 August 2024), Entry for Annie Pauline Robison; citing Wisconsin Department of Health Services; Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Birth Records, Pre-1907.

Charles Clayre Robison

"Clayre Robison Obituary," Port Angeles Evening News, Port Angeles, Washington, 27 Apr 1969, p. 18, digital image, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/clip/152972502/port-angeles-evening-news/?xid=637: accessed 9 July 2024)

"Wisconsin, U.S., Birth Records, 1812-1921," database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61482/ :accessed 13 August 2024), Entry for Charles Clalyre Robison; citing Wisconsin Department of Health Services; Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Birth Records, Pre-1907.

Esther Pearl Robison

"Minnesota Death Index, 1908-2002," FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:V4ZQ-722 : accessed 13 Aug 2024), Esther Pearl Nelson, 20 May 1984; from "Minnesota Death Index, 1908-2002," database, Ancestry (http://www.ancestry.com : 2001); citing Itasca, Minnesota, record 2146646, certificate number 012211, Minnesota Department of Health, Minneapolis.

"Wisconsin, U.S., Birth Records, 1812-1921," database with indecies, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61482/ : accessed 13 August 2024), Entry for Esther Pearl Robison; citing Wisconsin Department of Health Services; Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Birth Records, Pre-1907.

Roy Forest Robison

"Lagerquist Rites Held in City and Park Falls," Marshfield News-Herald, Marshfield, Wisconsin, 3 Dec 1946, p 8, column 8; imaged, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/article/marshfield-news-herald-obituary-roy-an/147871588/ : accessed 22 May 2024).

"U.S. Social Security Death Index, 1935 - 2014," database with indecies, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/3693/ : accessed 13 August 2024), entry for Roy Robison (1901 - 1981), no. 475-03-3914, Modesto, California.

"Wisconsin, U.S., Birth Records, 1812-1921," database with indecies, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61482/ : accessed 13 August 2024), Entry for Roy Forrest Robison; citing Wisconsin Department of Health Services; Madison, WI, USA; Wisconsin Birth Records, Pre-1907.

Warren Robison

"Minnesota, County Marriages, 1860-1949," database with images, FamilySearch (https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/3:1:939Z-BP9C-15?cc=1803974&wc=MRJR-VZ9%3A146277801 : 15 May 2020), 004540653 > image 1175 of 2162; county courthouses, Minnesota, Entry for Warren Robison, 1872.

"Wyoming, U.S., Death Records, 1909 - 1971," database with images, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/61831/ : accessed 30 April 2024)>Wyoming State Death Records>1967 - 1968, certificate 1967 2730, Warren Jay Robison, aged 63; citing "Wyoming State Death Records and Wyoming State Archives."

Marion Elaine Robison

Cook County Clerk Genealogy Records, "Cook County, Illinois Marriage Index, 1930 - 1960," database, Ancestry (https://www.ancestry.com/search/collections/1500/ : accessed 24 April 2024), entry for John Gacy and Marion E. Robertson, 6 Jan. 1939, Marriage License 1590071, Cook, Illinois.

"Marion Gacy," The Belleville News-Democrat, Belleville, Ill, 09 Dec 1989, p 12, column 5; imaged, Newspapers.com (https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-belleville-news-democrat-1989-marion/146310564/ : accessed 29 April 2024).